Christmas Break

Homework: Write a 3-5 page personal narrative about an event, an issue, a situation that has defined who you are or what you want to become.  

Notes of A Native Son

In a paragraph suggest similarities and contrasts between "Notes of A Native Son" and Malcolm X.  Use specific examples.

Monday 11/19

Today we will begin reading "Notes of a Native Son".  You need to compare this with The Autobiography of Malcolm X and MLK's "Letter from Birmingham Jail".

Homework: Continue to work on Dialectical Journals.

Grammar Exercises - THE APPOSITIVE

Grammar as Rhetoric and Style: THE APPOSITVE

read pages 167- 170 then do the following exercises.

Page 170 Exercise 1 - no. 2,3,5
Page 171 Exercise 2 - no. 1,2,3
Page 171 Exercise 3 - no. 4, 5
Page 172 Exercise 4 - no. 6, 7
Page 173 Exercise 5 - no. 1,2

New Vocabulary

Rote
Manifest
Bequest
Moras
Brouhaha
Slake
Zenith
Pacifist
Bedlam
Prehensile

Friday

Today, we are going to finish reading, "The Ballot or the Bullet".  We will talk about hooks, conclusions, and dialectical journals.   On Monday, we will be to rehearse your orations, so you homework for this weekend: 1) Read chapter 5 of Malcolm X. 2) Make sure your oration is done.  3) Put your oration on notecards.  4) Finish the questions below.



Your assignment for the "Ballot or the Bullet" is as follows:

1) List at least one example of the following: Malcolm's use of ethos, logos, pathos.
2) What is the purpose of the speech?  How does Malcolm obtain that purpose?
3) Who is his audience?  How do you know this?
4) List at least one example of the following types of proof:

a) analogy/narration to back up his main idea
b) statistics
c) facts
d) expert witnesses

5) Does he have refutation of the opposing side?  If so, what is it?

6) List so structural devices and discuss their effect:

parallelism


short sentences


long sentences (types of long sentences)


7) What other things does Malcolm X use for effect?

dialectical journal instructions

The Dialectical Journal/Blog

Effective students have a habit of taking notes as they read. This note-taking can several forms: annotation, post it notes, character lists, idea clusters, and many others. One of the most effective strategies is called a dialectical journal. The word “dialectical” has numerous meanings, but the one most pertinent is the “art of critical examination into the truth of an opinion.” As you read, you are forming an opinion about what you are reading (or at least you are SUPPOSED to be forming an opinion). That opinion, however, needs to be based on the text – not just a feeling.. Therefore, all of your opinions need to begin with a text. To that end, you will need to create a dialectical journal as you read your outside reading novel. You will then use this journal to help you write your outside reading paper, and I will use it to gauge just how interactive you are with your novel. This journal will be included as a significant part of your paper – in fact, you will be unable to get anything higher than a low “B” without completing the journal, so take it seriously.

The procedure is as follows:

1. As you read, pay close attention to the text.

2. Whenever you encounter something of interest (this could be anything from an interesting turn of phrase to a character note), write down the word/phrase making sure that you NOTE THE PAGE NUMBER. If the phrase is especially long just write the first few words, use an ellipsis, then write the last few words.

3. Then WRITE YOUR OBSEVRATIONS ABOUT THE TEXT you noted or quoted.  Please separate this two things by a little space. You need to interact in detail with the text. Make sure that your observations are THOROUGH, INSIGHTFUL, and FOCUSED CLEARLY ON THE TEXT.

for examples see: 

http://shelbyap.blogspot.com/2009_01_01_archive.html

http://brandycollegeenglish.blogspot.com/search?updated-max=2010-02-25T22:40:00-08:00&max-results=7&start=7&by-date=false

http://collegeintroenglish.blogspot.com/2010_01_01_archive.html

Peer review, consulting is the activity of seeking the help of a “fresh” reader and asking him or her to tell you what is good about a draft, what is questionable, and what definitely needs change and improvement.

***

Write your whole name, or a nickname, and then jot down some ideas about it.  Are you named for someone?  Do you like your name?  Is there a funny story associated with you name, how it's pronounced, or how it's spelled?  Are there things you don't know about her name - why your parents gave it to you or what the word means?  Write those questions too.  Write quickly without stopping much to consider how you sound or where you're headed.  The idea is to get your initial thoughts on the page or screen where you can see them. 

Self-Review of Speeches

I want you to go through you essays and paragraph by paragraph record the following:

Number of sentences in the paragraph?

Types of sentences: simple, compound, complex, compound-complex.   Note the number of each type.

Arrangement of sentences: loose, periodic, parallel, appositives, alliteration, others?

Any use of tropes: metaphor, simile, personification, irony, others?

SAT WORDS

This Week

1) Finish 1st Draft of ORATION (we will watch some national orations later this week).

2) Rewrite AP test for final grade.

3) Read Niccolo Machiavelli's, "The Morals of the Prince" on page 372.

You do not have to write a precis or a news response this week.  Focus primarily on your persuasive-oration.


New Vocabulary Words:

Atone

Pinguid

Agog

Panache

Iconoclast

Escapade

Offal

Paragon

Palisade

Diminution

Back from Regions!

NOTES Chapter 3 EVERYDAY USE

Five Traditional Canons of Rhetoric: Invention, Arrangement, Style, Memory and Delivery

ARRANGEMENT

1)   Order and structure the parts of a piece of writing

2)   Support the different parts

As a writer the goal is to discover ideas and take inventory of everything that could be said to make an argument clear and compelling

·      Beginning of a composition usually sets out the central question and hints at development (how)

·      Middle – supports with examples, illustrations, details and reasons

·      End – the “SO WHAT?” question.

Aristotle – argument introduced in the beginning and synthesized at the end.

Principles of Arrangement:

Exordium – the web that draws listeners into the speech

Narration – background material on the case at hand

Partition – divides the case and makes clear which parts will be addressed and spoken about and which will be left out

Confirmation – provides reasons, details, illustrations and examples in support of these points

Refutation – considers possible objections to the argument and tries to counter these objections

Peroration – conclusion – “SO WHAT?” call to action.  

Functional parts – what reading and analyzing, questions to ask

1)   Is there some section that lets the reader know the subject and purpose

2)   Background information?

3)   Themes?  Attention to some particular issue?

4)   Support?  Types of support?

5)   Refutation?  Is there any?

6)   Section that answers the “So What?” question

Questions about the parts

Subject directly stated or implied?

Some angle consciously foregrounded and other material downplayed?

Statement that suggest to the reader the course the reminder of the essay will take?

Does the writer provide transitional words or phrases that connect sentences or paragraphs?

Are there words or sentences that map out the direction like first, second, third, last

Anecdotes, scenes evoking sensory images, defining terms and concepts, dividing whole into parts, classifying the parts, cause and effect reasoning

Language that suggests that the writer wants to counter or concede arguments

STYLE

Choices the writer makes concerning words, phrases, sentences

(Difference between style and jargon)

Active: DOER – ACTION- RECEIVER

Passive: RECEIVER – ACTION (by Doer)

Style: Sentences, words, figures

Simple sentence (simple with compound subject or compound verb)

Compound sentence

Complex sentence

Compound-complex sentence

FUNCTION GROWS OUT OF FORM (FORM = IDEA)

Ethos can be found or assumed by the reader by looking at sentence structure and types of sentences

Reasons to use various sentences: 1) succinct points – short simple sentences; 2) trying to show how ideas are balanced and related in terms of equal importance = compound sentence; 3) show more complicated relationships between ideas – complex or compound-complex sentences

Loose sentence – details added immediately at the end

Periodic sentences – details added before the main clause

REASONS TO USE: A loose sentence moves quickly and can make a piece of prose gallop along; A periodic sentence works with delay – it postpones, slows done.

Parallelisms – a passes, a paragraph or a sentence contains two or more ideas that are fulfilling a similar function a writer who wants to sound measured, deliberate, and balanced will express those ideas in the same grammatical form

(noun phrases, element clauses, clauses)

“THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESS” – by Lincoln

Words = diction (choice of words).  What is my purpose?  Words change in different situations.

LADDER OF ABSTRACTION (handout)

Formal vs. Informal

Latinate vs. Anglo-Saxon

Slang vs. Jargon

Denotation vs. Connotation

Denotation refers to the literal meaning of a word

Connotation refers to the implied meaning of a word

Schemes and Tropes

Scheme = artful variation from typical arrangement of words in a sentence

Tropes = artful variation from typical way a word or idea is express

SCHEMES:

Parallelism

Zeugma

Antithesis

Antimetabole

Parenthesis

Appositive

Alliteration

Assonance

Anaphora

Epistrophe

Anadiplosis

Climax

TROPES:

Metaphor, simile, synecdoche, metonymy, personification, periphrasis, pun, overstatement (hyperbole), understatement (litotes), irony, oxymoron, rhetorical question